Principles Underpinning A Rewards Strategy

Standards Underpinning A Rewards Strategy Different researchers/scholars added to the investigation of remuneration the executives procedure, by giving an abundance of data to expand the group of information. This area hence contains the perspectives on them regarding the matter prize administration system and the different strategy received. The perspectives on these creators will be identified with this current investigation. This Literature Review will be separated into the five primary pieces of the examination: Prize Management Execution Management Inspiration Staff Retention Work Turnover The zones being dissected will help in understanding whether the associations reward the executives methodology is powerful, which is reflected in labor turnover and the capacity of the association to hold and rouse staff of the association. This writing along these lines tried to ' basically investigate different perspectives on the principle zones of the exploration title, look into them and utilize the perspectives/points of view of the distributed work by other licensed writers to manage and educate this current examination. 2.2 Reward Management What is Reward? Bratton and Gold (1999, p. 238) characterized award in the accompanying terms, Reward alludes to all structures money related returns and substantial administrations and advantages workers get as a major aspect of a business relationship. As per Thompson and Martin (2005, p. 229) reward are a significant helper, however value that an individual may feel compensated by things other than cash or advancement. The requests and obligation of a vocation, and the opportunity that individuals are given to conclude how to get things done, can be fulfilling. Berry, J. (2000, p. 45-46) as refered to in Henley Management College (2000, p. 23) advocates that prize might just be something other than pay and advantages, yet will progressively be base on aptitudes and information and will be imaginative. With regards to the investigations Philbean and Corbridge (2002, p. 204) contends that prize envelops pay, compensation and remuneration. It speaks to an arrangement of administrative practices where monetary and non money related components are deftly aimed at empowering and compensating representatives who include an incentive in light of a legitimate concern for upper hand, he went further to state that prize is absolute compensation idea of pay and advantage along with non-budgetary acknowledgment and inspiration applied in a contemporary setting. What is Reward Management? Prize Management is about how individuals are compensated as per their incentive to an association. It is worried about both budgetary and non-money related rewards and grasps the methods of reasoning, techniques, strategies, plans and methodology utilized by associations to create and keep up remuneration frameworks. Armstrong (2001, p. 126) This announcement underlines the significance of remuneration the executives to an association achievement. As indicated by Beardwell and Holden (2004, p. 501) reward the board has frequently been seen as the helpless connection of HR the executives worried about frameworks, figures and strategies. Another definition states Reward Managements is one of the focal mainstays of HR the executives. While the term reward the executives is dangerous, we consider that the term best catches the current changes in the executives suspicions and practice about compensation. Bratton and Gold (1999, p. 238) Standards Objectives of Reward Management The three head targets of remuneration the board as refered to in Bratton and Gold (1999, p. 238) are to: Pull in and hold reasonable workers Keep up or improve levels of representative execution Conform to business enactment and guidelines These targets must be accomplished inside a concurred spending plan for remunerations. To begin with, the new and must be serious to empower enrollment of the association. At the end of the day, it must draw in and hold qualified and skillful individuals to the association. Prize that are seen by imminent individuals to be lacking or discriminatory will make it hard for the association to draw in the sorts of individuals fundamental for progress. Second, reward frameworks are structured and figured out how to improve efficiency and control work cost. The topic of what spurs representatives to perform viably is hard to reply. Among rehearsing directors there is a wide spread conviction that pay alone rouses laborers. In contrast with this Thorpe and Homan (2000, p. 12) advocates that the foremost goals of remuneration the board are to: Limit use on wages and pay rates over the long haul; Draw in and hold staff of the ideal gauge, understanding and capabilities; Spur the workforce in order to augment authoritative execution; Direct exertion and excitement in explicit ways and to empower specific kinds of representative conduct; Support and encourage the administration of association change; To assist us with inspecting the complexities of pay, we have built up a system of remuneration the board. Figure 2.1: represents a model for remuneration the board that contains three fundamental components, inward value, outside seriousness, and the goals. Our model shows two wide zones that any association must consider in remuneration the board, inward value and outer intensity. Inward value alludes to the compensation relationship among employments inside a solitary association. This is converted into training by the fundamental procedures of remuneration the board, work examination, work assessment and execution evaluation. The attention is on looking at employments and people as far as their relative commitments to the associations goals. Prize Management Strategies As indicated by Stephen Taylor (2000) as refered to in Thorpe and Homan (2000, p. 11), there are two key inquiries, which an association needs to ask when planning reward systems and arrangements, they are: what amount ought to be paid to every representative and what structure should that installment take? There is all things considered an enormous decision of installment frameworks and techniques accessible for the executives to look over and numerous strategies for deciding compensation levels accessible for figures out how to browse. Be that as it may, Taylor (2000) as refered to in Thorpe and Homan (2000, p: 12) expresses the chief deciding element when settling on remunerations for representatives of the association are the destinations the association has for their HR strategies and prize frameworks specifically. With regards to the investigations Armstrong and Lybrand (1992, p. 41) states that reward technique is worried about: building up a positive, execution orientated culture; supporting the associations esteems, particularly those identifying with greatness, advancement, execution, cooperation and quality; passing on a message to forthcoming high-bore representatives that the association will fulfill their prize desires; guaranteeing that the correct blend and level of remuneration are furnished inline with the workers and nature wherein the business works; connecting reward arrangements, frameworks and systems to the key business and HR procedures for developments, development improvement and the quest for greatness; likewise building up a solid direction toward levels of execution all through the association by perceiving effective execution and increment in levels of capability, in this manner adding to the procedures of engaging, empowering and invigorating all representatives; and demonstrating to existing workers what kinds of conduct will be compensated and how this will be place, along these lines expanding inspiration and responsibility and improving execution. In a similar vein, Armstrong (2001) likewise states with the goal for associations to accomplish their key targets it must have a talented, able, submitted and all around spurred workforce which is bolstered by a prize technique that: streams from and fits the business system; joins compensation to execution; adjusts individual and hierarchical abilities; incorporates with other HR the executives and improvement methodologies; and develops from discussion with key partners. A helpful method of conceptualizing distinctive prize ways of thinking is given by Rajan (1997: 75). Figure 2.2 shows how prize can be classified along two measurements, recognizing rewards that are cash related and non cash related; and compensates that are bunch related (accessible to all or most staff) or individual-related. Subsequently Rajan (1997) contends that there are four kinds of way to deal with remuneration. 1) Types of remuneration Gathering related 2) Security - driven Tradition-driven Lifetime occupations Average cost for basic items increments Corporate glory à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Perks Non-cash related Money-related 3) Employability-driven: Contribution-driven Preparing and improvement Execution related compensation Individual vocation plans Legitimacy reward Individual-related Source: Rajan (1997: 75). Replicated with the consent of Eclipse Group Limited refered to in Beardwell, and Holden, (2001), Human Resources Management, A Contemporary Approach, Third Edition, Pearson Educational Limited p. 511 Sorts of remuneration are significant as far as inspiration where by various kinds of remuneration may rouse an individual; the graph above delineates this by featuring various components. Inspiration can appear as cash related or non-cash related an individual may get spurred by security driven realizing that they have a lifetime/perpetual occupation as contrast with those that want to become rouse by cash related issues, for example, average cost for basic items or advantages offered by the association. Then again their are workers whose inspiration originates from employability driven that is propelled using preparing and improvement or individual vocation way, in contrast with those that are commitment driven, accepting execution related compensation or legitimacy reward are better type of inspiration. Best Practice versus Best Fit Approach to HR Management The best fit methodology pushes essentially on the vital arrangement of HR strategies and guaranteeing that it fits the destinations of the association, while the best as far as drawing in, holding

Cg Intro essays

Cg Intro papers There have been numerous trials done on profundity of preparing and oneself reference impact. The Depth of Processing model of memory keeps up that how profound something is encoded into an individual's memory relies upon utilizing specific sorts of preparing. This identifies with oneself reference impact since it is accepted that individuals tend to recollect something better when they can relate it to themselves. Individuals who can by and by identify with something tend to install it more profound into their memory. Craik and Tulving did a progression of examinations on the profundity of preparing model. They had members utilize a progression of handling techniques to encode words at various levels; shallow, moderate, and profound. The subjects were demonstrated a progression of words and pose inquiries about the words that would give a yes or no reaction. At the shallow level they were posed inquiries about whether the word was written in capital letters. At the moderate degree of preparing, the subject was posed inquiries concerning whether two words rhymed. At long last, the subjects were gotten some information about words in sentences and whether they fit. This was the profound degree of preparing. After members had finished the assignment they were then given an unexpected acknowledgment test with the words that they were simply posed inquiries (on track words) and afterward words that they have never observed (interruption words). The aftereffects of the examination demonstrated that indi viduals recalled the words better that were at more profound degree of handling (Craik and Tulving 1975). Despite the fact that there was a few reactions about the above analysis, Craik and Tulving performed more examinations each time refining the D.O.P. model. There were considerations that the basic errands were simpler and not as much time must be spent on them thusly individuals didn't have as long to take a gander at those words and couldn't examine them like different undertakings. Craik and Tulving then made the basic ... <!

Free Essays on Technology & Business

How Technology Effects Business Entrepreneurs have an alternate feeling on how much new innovation their organization needs. We are talking about both the innovation used to deliver your items and the very mediums themselves. Our firm speaks to the full range of media content suppliers, from customary printing organizations to the most cutting edge Internet Web page fashioners. We can let you know, with some sureness, that the manner in which organizations apply innovation in the making of items and benefits and use innovation to convey the substance are two of the most basic factors that raise the estimation of media organizations. A significant number of our customers are book distributers and the universe of Internet Web pages and CD-ROMS are for the most part unfamiliar to them. For these organizations it is the utilization of PCs for publication, structure and design and that may present to them the most noteworthy advantages. Our video and film customers are more on top of the computerized world and utilize both advanced and tape based altering to finish their undertakings on tape and as CD-ROMS. The printers we work with who utilize the most work sparing hardware in their pre-press divisions are among the most beneficial in the business. I have a maxim, PCs don't make even one moment of recreation time, they simply permit us to accomplish more. The efficiency that every representative appreciates by using PCs on their activity should make their hours increasingly beneficial and progressively gainful for the business. This thus brings down work costs and should prompt higher benefits. The inquiry is - Are you utilizing innovation to it s most extreme work sparing impact? Numerous entrepreneurs take a gander at innovation as though it were a waterway stumbling into their way. They realize that they should get into the waterway and swim if their organization is to ever rise as a leader†¦ however where and when do they get in? They wonder, how profound (costly) is this waterway and do they get in now or climb stream where the waterway (innovation) is further developed. Do the... Free Essays on Technology and Business Free Essays on Technology and Business How Technology Effects Business Entrepreneurs have an alternate supposition on how much new innovation their organization needs. We are talking about both the innovation used to deliver your items and the very mediums themselves. Our firm speaks to the full range of media content suppliers, from conventional printing organizations to the most cutting edge Internet Web page originators. We can let you know, with some sureness, that the manner in which organizations apply innovation in the making of items and benefits and use innovation to convey the substance are two of the most basic factors that raise the estimation of media organizations. Huge numbers of our customers are book distributers and the universe of Internet Web pages and CD-ROMS are generally unfamiliar to them. For these organizations it is the utilization of PCs for publication, plan and design and that may present to them the most elevated advantages. Our video and film customers are more in line with the computerized world and utilize both advanced and tape based altering to finish their undertakings on tape and as CD-ROMS. The printers we work with who utilize the most work sparing hardware in their pre-press offices are among the most beneficial in the business. I have a maxim, PCs don't make even one moment of relaxation time, they simply permit us to accomplish more. The efficiency that every worker appreciates by using PCs on their activity should make their hours progressively beneficial and increasingly gainful for the business. This thusly brings down work costs and should prompt higher benefits. The inquiry is - Are you utilizing innovation to it s most extreme work sparing impact? Numerous entrepreneurs take a gander at innovation as though it were a waterway stumbling into their way. They realize that they should get into the waterway and swim if their organization is to ever develop as a leader†¦ however where and when do they get in? They wonder, how profound (costly) is this waterway and do they get in now or climb stream where the stream (innovation) is further developed. Do the...

Feminism and Cultural Exploration in Aurora Leigh - Literature Essay Samples

Victorian literature, like almost all literature, speaks inherently of the social, philosophical and religious issues which molded the people of the time. The Romantic ideals of the singling-out and celebration of the self are often challenged by Victorian literature, with its focus on putting the self into a social context and examining the relationship which emerges. The statement ‘a sense of crisis permeated every aspect of Victorian society as it struggled to reconcile past ideas and beliefs with progress and modernity’ describes this new aspect perfectly. Many changes caused this shift in Victorian society, but one of the most important and controversial was the increasing prominence of women in the public sphere, and the changing dynamics of male-female relationships. It is this revelation which will be explored in this essay, using Aurora Leigh by Elizabeth Barret-Browning as its basis. A book and a line number will be specified after each quotation, and due to th e length of the poem, this essay will focus mainly on the first two books. The Victorian ideal of the angel in the house, a term from a poem by Coventry Patmore, described (when analysed) how women were expected to be subservient to men, and their goals considered to be sublimated upon marriage in favor of helping the husband achieve his goals. Certainly, women were not thought to have much purpose beyond that and child-rearing. In Aurora Leigh, however, this is a central theme and is examined from the very outset of the poem. In Book 1, after Auroras mother dies, her father has to tend to her and this predominantly female-orientated task seems to weigh more heavily on him than on a woman; according to Aurora, women â€Å"know/the way to rear up children† (Browning, 1864, 1. 47) and her father is described as â€Å"Contriving such a miserable smile,/As if he knew needs must, or I should die† (Browning, 1864, 1.98). Having been thrust into this female role, Auroras father is said to have â€Å"through love suddenly/Thrown off the old conventio ns† (Browning, 1864, 1.176) and thus sets up Auroras similar rebellion again society. The death of her mother is used to highlight the problems with the gender constructs of the time; how, she asks, can a man continue to function in his socially-approved place when his wife dies and leaves him all her duties? In this way, Aurora Leigh pokes holes in societys then-dominant ideal of women taking care of the children and doing nothing but support their husbands. It is important to note, however, that Auroras fathers experience is not good. He is described as being somewhat displaced, being â€Å"unmade from a common man/But not completed to an uncommon man† (Browning, 1864, 1.183). Therefore, his departure from social norms left him in a sort of gender purgatory, being neither one thing nor the other. Her fathers example is one of the ways in which this poem depicts the struggle between traditional values and progressive ones in the individual; her father is thrust unwillingly into a progressive role and doesnt ultimately fare well in it. Later in the poem, of course, both Romney and Aurora wilfully disregard societys norms and both fare well, allowing for one minor case of total blindness. So beyond examining tradition versus progression, Aurora Leigh examines the manner in which one comes upon a progressive role, and shows that progression is something of a double-edged sword. Romney ultimately finds love with Aurora but is unable to effect the social change for which he strives, her father becomes a sort of half-mother, caring for his child but uncomfortable with doing so, and Marian Erle becomes a single mother through a horrible experience, but fiercely protects this unconventional status once she has it. Thus, the poem examines not only the crisis in the relationship between the self and society but the internal struggles of progressive change, as well as its pitfalls and the sacrifices which are sometimes necessary. Upon coming to England, Aurora meets her aunt, who is a perfect example of an angel in the house, having lived a â€Å"harmless life, she called a virtuous life† (Browning, 1864, 1.290). Auroras view of her aunt is not flattering but nevertheless perceptive, as she notes that her aunts hair is held tight, â€Å"as if for taming accidental thoughts† (Browning, 1864, 1.275). This could be interpreted as taming her bad thoughts but an alternative interpretation – taming any thoughts – reveals more about what the aunt symbolises in this poem: she is almost entirely without agency. Her â€Å"frigid use of life† (Browning, 1864, 1.277), â€Å"eyes of no colour† (Browning, 1864, 1.283) and a mouth which speaks only of â€Å"unrequited loves† (Browning, 1864, 1.282) all leave her powerless to act of her own accord. She is an object in the poem, not a subject, never directly given voice by Aurora, and in her entirety constitutes a satirical swi pe at the â€Å"angel in the house† paradigm. However, this is not to say that Aurora Leigh is necessarily a feminist work; while it espouses the virtues of female agency, it also contains a large number of hints at a more traditional overarching viewpoint, embodying the Victorian crisis of faith within the work itself. One of these hints comes in the mention of â€Å"ladys Greek,/Without the accents† (Browning, 1864, 2.83), an infantilisation of Auroras intellect which she doesnt challenge. She describes Romneys nature as â€Å"godlike† (Browning, 1864, 1.565), saying afterwards that she is â€Å"a worm† (Browning, 1864, 1.568) in comparison. Another clue is in the fact that her aunt is not given direct voice but others are, perpetuating the idea that only modern women, who have voluntarily entered a male-dominated sphere such as that of Victorian literature, are deserving of a voice. This non-feminist interpretation is explored by critic Deirdre David, who says in Arts A Service; Social Wound, Sexual Polit ics and Aurora Leigh that the â€Å"novel-poem is an integrated expression of essentialist and ultimately non-feminist views of sex and gender, despite sharp attacks on sexual hypocrisy† (David, 1985). It could be said that Auroras desire to become a poet is either an attempt to emulate men, or to beat them at their own game; neither particularly evocative of the feminist ideology of rescinding conventional gender roles. Certainly Auroras desire to write an epic poem (such as Aurora Leigh itself), which is a completely male-dominated area of poetry, shows that she wants to prove herself as good as men; not necessarily an ignoble goal, but nevertheless a goal framed within traditional values. Another point made by David, which could be considered a logical certainty, is that â€Å"to speak of a masculine intellect evidently presupposes a feminine one† (David, 1985) and this is exactly what Aurora does when she says that Romney â€Å"misconceive[s] the question like a man† (Browning, 1864, 2.468). To be able to generalise about men, one must also be able to generalise about women, and Auroras supposition that there is a male mode of thought which always works a certain way implies that there must be a female mode of thought with the same stipulations. Such generalisations are contrary to progressive values and, indeed, to Auroras ability to achieve the task she sets herself. Ultimately, the ideas of feminism and progressive gender values were, during the Victorian era, mixed up and unfocused since they required of the believer such widespread upheaval in the ways they defined gender. This crisis of faith centres entirely around how people viewed gender, and w as a considerable force in the Victorian Era and, especially, on Aurora Leigh. There are striking contrasts in the text, too, between the poems meaning and the poems form. The first example is the use of classical mythological references which would be unknown to most women of the time, such as Auroras description of her mother as â€Å"a dauntless Muse† (Browning, 1864, 1.155) and â€Å"a still Medusa† (Browning, 1864, 1.157). This is another device which shows the changing social ideals of the time; the poem having a female protagonist and yet being peppered with such references. It is almost subterfuge, too, for Aurora Leigh to be an epic poem; traditionally associated with heroic acts of national importance, and dating back to the very birth of poetry, the epic poem usually does not concern itself with subjects like Romneys failed social reformation, and one girls decision to become a poet. In a way, it presupposes its own importance in a way which lends it significant self-referential weight, when viewed in context. The use of the epic poem in particular has additional interpretive relevance; according to critic Herbert F Tucker, in his book Epic, â€Å"the splendor of epic, so the lesson runs, is a glory that was† (Tucker, 2008). While Aurora Leigh could be thought of in this way, to do so would be to ignore its social relevance; writing an epic poem about social reformation implies that the reformation has already happened, and it could be concluded that combining these ideas makes the reader think the same. Something which would compound this assumption is that there is evidence that the epic was falling out of favour in the mid-19th century. Alfred Lord Tennyson himself, in a letter to his publisher Ticknor and Fields, said: â€Å"I should be crazed to attempt [an epic] in the heart of the 19th century† (Tennyson, 1858). To revive an archaic genre in this manner, and in a sense corrupt it to act as both a Bildungsroman and a vehicle for socially progressive views, is to increas e its impact on the reader. The juxtaposition of female content (i.e. having a female protagonist) and male form, combined with all the hitherto-mentioned elements, induces confusion about the gender gap; why is a story of a girl fulfilling her dream less important than an epic battle? Barrett-Brownings poem, however, is in many ways the same as classic epics; the use of classical and biblical references. Perhaps the most meaningful of the latter is in the ending: â€Å"Jasper first, I said,/And second, sapphire; third, chalcedony;/The rest in order, . . last, an amethyst (Browning, 1864, 9.988). This ending, with Auroras and Romneys synergy and a description of the walls of the holy city, creates a powerfully positive image. In itself, it is the marriage of the progressive (Aurora blossoming as a poet) with the traditional (Christian theology), and a very fitting end to the poem as seeing the holy city almost mirrors entering heaven. Even this small study of a small portion of Aurora Leighs representation of the â€Å"crisis of faith† in Victorian society proves it extremely fertile material (much more could be written on this topic alone). The â€Å"third gender† created in Auroras father sets the tone for the remainder of the novel-poem, which sets out to examine Victorian societys emerging feminine literary presence and concludes that they are not only capable, but can also be divinely inspired, as suggested by the ending. This naturally leads to a much wider interpretation than is contained within the poem: if women can be poets, and indeed rival male poets in their own genres, then why cant they do anything else? This shift into the foreground for women was a devastatingly fundamental revelation for every member of Victorian society, and the seeds of feminism sown by Aurora Leigh ultimately germinated into their very own school of thought; changes dont come much more profound than that. Bibliography: Anonymous, 1857, Our Epilogue on Affairs and Books, The British Quarterly Review Vol. XXV. London, Savill and Edwards Printers Barrett, E. B. 1979 [1864] Aurora Leigh ed. J. Miller, London. Reprinted: Chicago: Academy Chicago Printers Brown, S.A., 1997 Paradise Lost and Aurora Leigh, Studies in English Literature 1500-1900 vol. 37 no. 4. Houston, Texas, The Johns Hopkins University Press David, D. 1985 Arts A Service: Social Wound, Sexual Politics and Aurora Leigh, Browning Institute Studies, vol. 3. Cambridge, Mass., Cambridge University Press Stone M. 2010, The Works Of Elizabeth Barrett Browning, ed. Sandra Donaldson. London, Pickering and Chatto Press. Tennyson, A., 1981 [1858] The Letters of Alfred Lord Tennyson, ed. Cecil Y. Lang and Edgar F Shannor, Jr. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press Tucker, H. F. 2008, Epic. New York, USA, Oxford University Press Weber B. R. 2012, Women and Literary Celebrity in the Nineteenth Century. Farnham, Surrey, Ashgate Publishing Limited Zonana, J. 1989, The Embodied Muse: Elizabeth Barrett Brownings Aurora Leigh and Feminist Poetics, Tulsa Studies in Womens Literature, vol. 8 no. 2. Tulsa, Oklahoma. University of Tulsa

Employment Benefits in the Fast Food Industry Essay

Employment Benefits in the Fast Food Industry The fast food industry has been expanding rapidly over the past years. It has become a part of our culture. In the book Labour Relations in the Global Fast-Food Industry, Robin Leidner quotes from Eric Schlosser who wrote the popular Fast Food Nation , â€Å"According to one estimate, there are approximately 2.5 million fast-food workers in the United States, making them the country’s largest group of low-paid workers (Leidner 11). Those 2.5 million fast-food workers are now working at Subway, McDonald’s, Burger King, Taco Bell, Wendy’s, Pizza Hut, KFC, etc. The American fast food industry was built on the promise of low prices and fast services. Therefore, the corporations have to keep the†¦show more content†¦It is difficult to work in this highly demanding world with no education and no skills. In order to support their families and themselves, these unskilled people need to have jobs, regardless of the benefits. However, it is not right for these hard workers not to have the full benefits as other employees in other fields because they are workers who contribute a lot of energy to the industry; they receive less when the company earns more. According to the book: Labour Relations in the Global Fast-Food Industry, Robin Leidner indicates: Low wages, minimal benefits, tight staffing, and efforts to intensify labor are the predictable results of strong competitive pressure in a legal and cultural setting that grants employers remarkable discretion and does not guarantee workers a voice in influencing employments conditions†¦The jobs are designed so that they can be learned quickly and carried out competently by people with little work experience. Nonetheless, they are high-pressure jobs that require work under frequently stressful conditions. (15-16) It does not seem right for these employees to work more but receive less. 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Analysis Of Thomas Middleton s The Crucible - 1246 Words

Analytical Research Paper Thomas Middleton’s, Women Beware Women and Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, are both set in the 1600s a time when women did not have any rights. Although both stories are completely different from each other, they share a common trait of bold, powerful women. In The Crucible, Abigail’s jealousy and desire to have revenge on Elizabeth Proctor has her manipulate everyone in the town of Salem causing hysteria. Livia, the widow in Women Beware Women strategically manipulates every person to turn their backs on each other which creates a tragedy. Abigail and Livia are the villains in their community but how they acquire their power is very different. While Abigail’s power comes from her intense desire for revenge on a specific person and then spreads throughout the community, Livia’s motivation for power originates from her own boredom and desire for control on a large scale. Both of these characters are nothing short of cynical. They are motivated by self interest and cannot be trusted. Livia, is the sister to Hippolito and Fabritio and the aunt to Isabella. She is a wealthy woman on her own but her life went down hill after losing two husbands. There is no question that she is the essence of evil in â€Å"Women Beware Women† because she wants other people to be miserable as she once was. In â€Å"The Psychological Drama of Women Beware Women† written by Charles A. Hallett, he says, â€Å"Cynicism is, in a sense, a mechanism developed by the unimaginative designedShow MoreRelatedWhiteness as a Field of Study2712 Words   |  11 Pagesthat the country wanted or desired as citizens. Making race central to decide who can become citizen and per extension who can come to America. Whiteness, Law and Immigration Antecedents and Beginnings Even if the field was born in the 1990’s some of its questions were asked before. The study of white groups of people in multicultural societies like the American has always been in the mind of some scholars. The mass migration to the United States has made it a fertile ground for this kindRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

Assignment on Brand Building Nike Marketing free essay sample

Nike markets its products under its own brand as well as Nike Golf, Nike Pro, Nike+, Air Jordan, Nike Skateboarding and subsidiaries including Cole Haan, Hurley International, Umbro and Converse. Nike also owned Bauer Hockey (later renamed Nike Bauer) between 1995 and 2008. In addition to manufacturing sportswear and equipment, the company operates retail stores under the Niketown name. Nike sponsors many high profile athletes and sports teams around the world, with the highly recognized trademarks of Just do it and the Swoosh logo. By 1980, Nike had reached a 50% market share in the United States athletic shoe market, and the company went public in December of that year. Its growth was due largely to word-of-foot advertising (to quote a Nike print ad from the late 1970s), rather than television ads. Nikes first national television commercials ran in October 1982 during the broadcast of the New York Marathon. The ads were created by Portland-based advertising agency Wieden+Kennedy, which had formed several months earlier in April 1982. Together, Nike and Wieden+Kennedy have created many print and television ads and the agency continues to be Nikes primary today. It was agency co-founder Dan Wieden who coined the now-famous slogan Just Do It for a 1988 Nike ad campaign, which was chosen by Advertising Age as one of the top five ad slogans of the 20th century, and the campaign has been enshrined in the Smithsonian Institution. San Franciscan Walt Stack was featured in Nikes first Just Do It advertisement that debuted on July 1, 1988. Wieden credits the inspiration for the slogan to Let’s do it, the last words spoken by Gary Gilmore before he was executed. Throughout the 1980s, Nike expanded its product line to include many other sports and regions throughout the world. What does the brand stand for? Nike stands for VICTORY. In Greek mythology, Nike was a goddess who embodied triumph. She assumed the role of the divine charioteer when Zeus was assembling allies for the Titan War; she flew around battlefields rewarding the victors with glory and fame. And the whole brand has been build around it, to convey one and only message, the one of the Victory, with a big V. While Nike started up its business selling sneakers, it reasonably hit the tipping point when the strong and sticky message which has directs impact on humans subconscious worn by top athletes and runners. The Nike logo  «Ã‚  swoosh  Ã‚ » was not only developed from the wing of the Greek Goddess Nike, it was also developed to impact again the subconscious of the consumer as well. How? Nike logo has the shape of a tick, and through life and education we get some automatism with tick which means right and the cross which means wrong. Nike,  «Ã‚  Just Do It  Ã‚ » happens to be the stickiest tagline ever. It wins over the hearts of hundred of millions of Nike fans, psychologically, subconsciously, imperceptibly, deadly. So the Nike brand stands for victory, and more precisely: Competency: as we used to quote the Nike co-founder Bill Bower mane who made this observation  «Ã‚  If you have a body, you are an athlete. High performance : Nike promotes its products by sponsorship agreements with celebrity athlete, professional and athletic teams, they sponsor Cricket in India an Football in France for example, the most popular sports they focus only on winners Achievement : the message is pretty clear when you see champion in Olympics wearing Nike its just like the Nike sneakers brought him or her to achievement thanks to the spirit of the Victory Godess of Greek Ne ver say Die attitude : the mission statement of Nike that the 30 000 employees across 6 continents make their own contribution to fulfill is to bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete in the world Nike’s changing Logo The Nike Swoosh embodies the spirit of the winged goddess, which the legend says inspired the most courageous and chivalrous warriors at the dawn of civilization. The first shoe to wear the swoosh logo was launched in 1972. In 2006, Nike has also experimented in its advertisements by removing the woosh altogether amp; Nike written in a new font, and this the old swoosh was toned down a bit. Nike Logo history Products by Nike Nike produces a wide range of sports equipment. Their first products were track running shoes. They currently also make shoes, jerseys, shorts, baselayers etc. for a wide range of sports including track amp; field, baseball, ice hockey, tennis, Association football, lacrosse, basketball and cricket. Nike Air Max is a line of shoes first released by Nike, Inc. in 1987. The most recent additions to their line are the Nike 6. 0, Nike NYX, and Nike SB shoes, designed for skateboarding. Nike has recently introduced cricket shoes, called Air Zoom Yorker, designed to be 30% lighter than their competitors. In 2008, Nike introduced the Air Jordan XX3, a high performance basketball shoe designed with the environment in mind. Nike sells an assortment of products, including shoes and apparel for sports activities for men, women, and children. Nike is well known and popular in youth culture, chav culture and hip hop culture as they supply urban fashion clothing. Nike recently teamed up with Apple Inc. to produce the Nike+ product which monitors a runners performance via a radio device in the shoe which links to the iPod nano. While the product generates useful statistics, it has been criticized by researchers who were able to identify users RFID devices from 18 m away using small, concealable intelligence motes in a wireless sensor network. Brand personality Nike has staked out a stylish, high-performance, innovative position in contrast to its competitors. It conveys the ideas of victory, puissance, sport attitude and masculinity. All these elements are emphasised by famous and successful sportive endorsement. With Just do it Nike has promised its audience that the company is committed to the competitive spirit. Nike proposes that it will help people feel empowered, successful and best equipped to tackle the challenges of athletics. The company uses shades of gray and blue, which gives the brand a casual, unpretentious feeling. Nike’s famous swoosh creates feelings of movement and speed. Nike, the brand name itself, was once better known in Greek mythology as the goddess of victory. All these things and more give Nike its brand personality. How Does Nike maintain/communicate it’s intended brand image We shall concentrate on the marketing strategy of Nike by studying it’s 7 P model. Also, in the model itself we shall consider the integrated marketing communication adopted by Nike to enhance brand equity. Product Nike mainly concentrates on sportswear. The main product categories sold under Nike brand name include:http://gallery. clickthecity. com/albums/userpics/10006/pic56012. jpg Sports Footwear http://norcalsaversnest. com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/cole-haan-coupons-discounts. jpg Apparels Bags (Handbags and bagpacks) Sports accessories Sports equipment In other words, all product categories sold under the Nike brand name are directly or indirectly related to sports and athleticism which in turn is the core brand image/ identity of Nike. Other Nike Brands include Cole Haan which is into casual footwear amp; dresses, Nike Team Sports which sells headgear amp;Bauer Nike Hockey Inc. which specializes in hockey and skating equipment. Hence, Nike sells unrelated categories under other brand names thus preventing confusion in the minds of the consumer Tune Your Run: The recent venture between Apple and Nike integrates your iPod and running shoes. The main innovation is that your speed amp; distance data can be recorded in your iPod and then synchronized with your PC to keep a tab on your progress Nike has always strived for innovation which inturn shows in their product research and development. Strategic partnerships and alliances with the most innovative partners ensure Nike is the global leader when it comes to sportswear innovations. Some of the famous innovations include: 2. House of Hoops : Partnership with Footlocker to promote the basketball line of Nike productshttp://blog. luon. com/public/Nike. JPG 3. Mass customization: Use of flexible computer-aided manufacturing systems to produce custom output. Those systems combine the low unit costs of  mass production  processes with the flexibility of individual  customization. Price Nike’s pricing is designed to be competitive to the other fashion shoe retailers. The pricing is based on the basis of premium segment as target customers. Nike as a brand commands high premiums. Nike’s pricing strategy makes use of vertical integration in pricing wherein they own participants at differing channel levels or take part in more than one channel level operations. This can control costs and influence product pricing. Promotion Promotion is largely dependent on finding accessible store locations. It also avails of targeted advertising in the newspaper and creating strategic alliances. Nike has a number of famous athletes that serve as brand ambassadors such as the Brazilian Soccer Team (especially Ronaldino, Renaldo, and Roberto Carlos), Lebron James and Jermane O’Neal for basketball, Lance Armstrong for cycling, and Tiger Woods for Golf. Nike also sponsors events such as Hoop It Up and The Golden West Invitational. Nike’s brand images, the Nike name and the trademark swoosh, make it one of the most recognizable brands in the world. Nike’s brand power is one reason for its high revenues. Nike’s quality products, loyal customer base and its great marketing techniques all contribute to make the shoe empire a huge success. Place Nike shoes are carried by multi-brand stores and the exclusive Nike stores across the globe. Nike sells its product to about 20,000 retail accounts in the U. S. and in almost 200 countries around the world. In the international markets, Nike sells its products through independent distributors, licensees and subsidiaries. Independent distributors need not adapt to local pressures because the 4Ps of marketing are managed by distributors. In terms of product differentiation, NIKE is also leading the market. The only competitor nearly has an identical business is Adidas-Solomon. Product differentiation is healthy in the footwear industry and allows the company to increase its profits through the sale of different products. Another advantage of manufacturing a number of product lines is the reduction of risk in that if one product fails there are numerous other products to compensate for this loss. Companies in the apparel and footwear industry that concentrate on manufacturing a single product are at a great disadvantage since their revenues depend exclusively on the sales of only one type of product, therefore, increasing the potential default risk. NIKE designs most of its footwear for athletic use; however, in order to diversify its products, a large percentage of their products come from sales of footwear, apparel, and accessories for casual and leisure purposes. The company segments its products in variety of ways. First of all, it manufactures sports goods and accessories for three different groups of people: men, women and children. Each segment is carefully examined in terms of physical capabilities, sociological needs, and design preference. Another type of segmentation used by NIKE that helps to increase product diversification is achieved by offering footwear, apparel, accessories, such as NIKE watches or gym bags, as well as performance equipment, including sport balls, timepieces, eyewear, skates, bats, gloves, and others in virtually every type of sport: running, basketball, tennis, golf, soccer, baseball, football, bicycling, volleyball, wrestling, cheerleading, aquatic activities, hiking, fencing, and others. Besides the two segmentations described above, NIKE also has agreements for licensees to produce and sell NIKE brand items aside from athletic footwear and apparel. In part, this product differentiation is accomplished through strategic management planning by having the company sell NIKE brand timepieces, children’s clothing, school supplies, electronic media devices, and other items. NIKE subsidiaries, such as Bauer NIKE Hockey Inc. , are yet another way the company segments its product lines. Specifically, the Bauer NIKE Hockey Inc. subsidiary manufactures and distributes ice skates, skate blades, in-line roller skates, protective gear, hockey sticks and many other licensed apparel and accessories that make NIKE stand out in its industry. Communication Gaps in Branding of Nike Nike brand stands for: Competency Achievement High performance Never say Die attitude Nike was present in India since 1996 but didn’t rezlied the Indian potential till 2005. In Dec 2005, Nike was tied up with BCCI amp; then later went on to become the official kit sponsor of Indian Cricket Team. In 2007, Nike released its first Cricket related advertisement in India(1). Globally Nike is a sports brand targeted to youth (mainly 15-35 yrs of age), but in India the brand is not restricted to youth or sports enthusiasts only. The brand is seen as a daily wear brand amp; the customers ranging from youth who like to wear it to college to the old people who may just wear it when they are going out of their homes. The future roadmap for Nike – To Increase their Brand Equity Nike has faced a lot of international criticism due to its Sweatshops in 3rd world countries like Pakistan, Vietnam, Bangladesh etc. So, to convert this into an opportunity Nike should act as a socially responsible company amp; devise certain rules amp; regulations about the working conditions of their subcontractors. And if possible then Nike can also go for backward integration, and buy some of these subcontractors to increase their ownership amp; reduce their costs. The competition in the market in terms of Athletic goods is very high with major players like Adidas, Reebok, Puma, Fila etc. all growing their importance. To hedge its risk, Nike can also expand on its clothing line like currently in India Nike cotton T-shirts are available but they are available in very limited designs. So, Nike can grow a sports apparel maker to a fashion brand. The apparels division is the cash cow (according to BCG matrix) for Nike and thus, diversifying in this area will help Nike increase its bottomline. Thus, Nike can expand their business by expanding amp; adding a Daily wear clothes line to their portfolio. Nike can also sell the sports related product items which also have attributes like style amp; cool, something like Nike sunglasses, which are available in some countries but not in India. Nike is also under a lot of fad because of the plastics amp; other materials used in their shoes. So, rather than spending huge chunks on the celebrities, they can divert a small part of this advertising fund into Ramp;D to produce green shoes i. e. environment friendly shoes. This would given them a heads up in the market in terms of innovation, would also give them a unique position in the minds of the responsible consumer, and of course an opportunity for free PR. Indian market being the world’s second largest (2) footwear manufacturer of the world has a huge opportunity of footwear sales. Thus, Nike can attack the middle amp; the lower end market by buying a current brand like Columbus or Welcome shoes and then manufacturing amp; marketing them in India. They can also, launch a complete new brand for the country amp; thus cater to the middle amp; lower segment. This way they can also cater to the vastly growing rural market of India. They have used the similar strategy by entering Walmart by buying the Starter brand, which is an apt brand for the value end of retail business. Read more:  http://www. ukessays. com/essays/marketing/assignment-on-brand-building-nike-marketing-essay. php#ixzz2O0SDwz7o